Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums — but that doesn’t mean it stays in your gums. If your gum disease is left unchecked, the harmful bacteria can spread to other areas of your body. Learn how periodontal disease can affect your health.
People with diabetes are more susceptible to infections, placing them at a higher risk for developing periodontal disease compared to those without diabetes. This risk is especially elevated in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes impairs the function of white blood cells—the body’s primary defense against infections—including those that occur in the mouth.
The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is bidirectional. Not only does diabetes increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease, but periodontal disease can also make it more difficult for individuals with diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels effectively.
Research has shown that periodontal disease can raise blood sugar levels, leading to prolonged periods of hyperglycemia. Infections such as periodontal disease can disrupt the body’s metabolism, further complicating blood sugar control and overall diabetes management.
The link between gum disease and heart problems has long been recognized, though it remains unclear whether poor oral health is simply a reflection of a person’s overall well-being or a direct contributor to cardiovascular disease. However, scientists have identified one possible mechanism by which gum disease may increase the risk of heart conditions.
A Scottish study involving more than 11,000 participants found that individuals who did not brush their teeth twice daily had a significantly higher risk of heart disease. Building on this, researchers from the University of Bristol and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland have identified a potential culprit: Streptococcus bacteria, which are responsible for dental plaque and gum disease. Their findings suggest that once these bacteria enter the bloodstream, they produce a protein known as PadA. This protein causes platelets in the blood to clump together, increasing the risk of clot formation.
Studies like these offer valuable insight into the complex relationship between oral and cardiovascular health. While the research supports the idea of a link, scientists caution that more investigation is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
Recent research indicates a significant link between osteoporosis and bone loss in the jaw. When the jawbone deteriorates, it can no longer effectively support and anchor the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and, ultimately, tooth loss.
Women with osteoporosis are up to three times more likely to experience tooth loss compared to those without the condition. Since osteoporosis can affect any bone in the body, the jawbone is equally vulnerable. Low bone density in the jaw may result in teeth becoming loose and can make wearing dentures difficult, as the bone is gradually resorbed without being adequately replaced.
The risk is even greater for women who have both osteoporosis and periodontal (gum) disease. Studies have shown a strong association among osteoporosis, periodontitis, and tooth loss. One proposed explanation is that reduced bone density in the jaw may make the supporting structures of the teeth more vulnerable to the bacterial infections that cause gum disease.
Stroke occurs when the blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen are damaged or compromised. Restricting the brain of oxygen, even briefly, can result in a stroke. Even minor or mini-strokes can result in life-altering consequences, such as paralysis, weakness, aphasia (losing the ability to speak, write, or understand language), and mental health changes.
Recent studies have shown that people with moderate to advanced periodontal disease are at a greater risk. One study published by the American Stroke Association in 2004 showed that patients with severe periodontitis, or gum disease, had a 4.3 times higher risk of stroke than those with mild or no periodontal disease. The bottom line is this: if you have a chronic infection in your mouth—present 24 hours a day, 7 days a week—it can eventually affect your entire body.